L5 Nerve Root (L5)

Authors

Affiliations

Nathaniel Yomogida, B.S., SPT

Doctor of Physical Therapy

B.S. in Kinesiology

Chloë Kerstein, B.S., SPT

Doctor of Physical Therapy

B.A. in Neuroscience

Peripheral Nerve Supply

Nerve	Roots	Motor Innervation	Cutaneous Innervation
Superior Gluteal N.	L4, L5, S1	Gluteus Medius Gluteus Minimus Tensor Fascia Latae (TFL)	None
Inferior Gluteal N.	L5, S1, S2	Gluteus Maximus
Posterior Cutaneous Nerve of the Thigh
Sciatic N.
Common Fibular N.	L4, L5, S1, S2
Tibial N.	L4, L5, S1, S2, S3

Muscle Supply

Motor Innervation

Overview

“L5 root involvement causes lower back, buttock, lateral thigh, and anterolateral calf pain. Sensory signs and symptoms occur on the lateral leg, the dorsomedial foot, and the large toe. Paresis occurs in the gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, tensor fasciae latae (adduction and internal rotation of thigh), semimembranosus and semitendinosus (knee flexion), tibialis posterior (plantar flexion and inversion of foot), tibialis anterior (dorsiflexion and inversion of foot), peronei (foot plantar flexion and eversion), flexor digitorum longus (plantar flexion of foot and all toes except the large toe), extensor digitorum brevis (extension of the large toe and three medial toes), extensor hallucis longus (extension of great toe and foot dorsiflexion), and extensor digitorum longus (extension of four lateral toes and foot dorsiflexion). With L5 root lesions, both the patellar (L2 L4) and Achilles (S1 S2) reflexes are spared.”⁴

Examination

SLR

“The straight leg raise, also called Lasègue sign, Lasègue test or Lazarevi sign, is a test done during the physical examination to determine whether a patient with low back pain has an underlying herniated disk, often located at L5 (fifth lumbar spinal nerve). With the patient lying down on his or her back on an examination table or exam floor, the examiner lifts the patient’s leg while the knee is straight. If the patient experiences sciatic pain when the straight leg is at an angle of between 30 and 70 degrees, then the test is positive and a herniated disc is likely to be the cause of the pain. A meta-analysis reported the accuracy of the straight leg test as 91% sensitive and 26% specific [7]. If raising the opposite leg causes pain (cross or contralateral straight leg raising), the sensitivity is 29% and the specificity is 88% [7]. The straight leg raising test and the cross straight leg raising test are two tests based on stretching of the nerves in the spine. The diagnostic accuracy of the straight leg raising test is thus limited by its low specificity [7].”⁴

Sensation

1st 2 toes

DDX

Superficial fib
- Doesnt innervate cleft between toes #1 and #2

References

Gilroy AM, MacPherson BR, Wikenheiser JC, Voll MM, Wesker K, Schünke M, eds. Atlas of Anatomy. 4th ed. Thieme; 2020.

Olewnik Ł. Fibularis Tertius: Anatomical Study and Review of the Literature. Clinical Anatomy (New York, NY). 2019;32(8):1082-1093. doi:10.1002/ca.23449

Aung HH, Sakamoto H, Akita K, Sato T. Anatomical study of the obturator internus, gemelli and quadratus femoris muscles with special reference to their innervation. The Anatomical Record. 2001;263(1):41-52. doi:10.1002/ar.1075

Brazis PW, Masdeu JC, Biller J. Localization in Clinical Neurology. 8th ed. Wolters Kluwer Health; 2022.

Citation

For attribution, please cite this work as:

Yomogida N, Kerstein C. L5 Nerve Root (L5). https://yomokerst.com/The Archive/Anatomy/Nerve Roots/L5_nerve_root.html

L5 Nerve Root Skeletal Muscle Innervations
Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Innervation	Action
Biceps femoris long head	Ischial tuberosity¹ Sacrotuberous lig.¹ (Common head with semitendinosus)¹ [Ischial tuberosity](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/biceps_femoris_long_head.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Sacrotuberous lig.](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/biceps_femoris_long_head.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [(Common head with semitendinosus)](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/biceps_femoris_long_head.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Fibular head¹ [Fibular head](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/biceps_femoris_long_head.qmd#insertion) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Tibial n.¹ L5 - S2¹ [Tibial n.](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/biceps_femoris_long_head.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [L5](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/biceps_femoris_long_head.qmd#nerve) - [S2](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/biceps_femoris_long_head.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Hip [Extension](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/biceps_femoris_long_head.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] Knee [Flexion](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/biceps_femoris_long_head.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [ER](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/biceps_femoris_long_head.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] Pelvis [Sagittal stabilization](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/biceps_femoris_long_head.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]
Biceps femoris short head	Lateral lip of Linea aspera¹ [Lateral lip of Linea aspera](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/biceps_femoris_short_head.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Fibular head¹ [Fibular head](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/biceps_femoris_short_head.qmd#insertion) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Common Fibular n.¹ L5 - S2¹ [Common Fibular n.](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/biceps_femoris_short_head.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [L5](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/biceps_femoris_short_head.qmd#nerve) - [S2](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/biceps_femoris_short_head.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Knee [Flexion](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/biceps_femoris_short_head.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [ER](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/biceps_femoris_short_head.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]
Extensor digitorum brevis	Calcaneus (lateral dorsal)¹ [Calcaneus (lateral dorsal)](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/extensor_digitorum_brevis.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Bases of middle phalanx 2-4¹ [Bases of middle phalanx 2-4](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/extensor_digitorum_brevis.qmd#insertion) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Deep Fibular n.¹ L5 - S1¹ [Deep Fibular n.](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/extensor_digitorum_brevis.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [L5](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/extensor_digitorum_brevis.qmd#nerve) - [S1](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/extensor_digitorum_brevis.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	2nd-4th Toe [MTP Extension](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/extensor_digitorum_brevis.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [PIP Extension](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/extensor_digitorum_brevis.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]
Extensor digitorum longus	Lateral condyle of Tibia¹ Fibular head and medial surface¹ IO membrane¹ [Lateral condyle of Tibia](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Anterior compartment/extensor_digitorum_longus_EDL.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Fibular head and medial surface](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Anterior compartment/extensor_digitorum_longus_EDL.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [IO membrane](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Anterior compartment/extensor_digitorum_longus_EDL.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Dorsal aponeurosis of 2-5th distal phalanges¹ [Dorsal aponeurosis of 2-5th distal phalanges](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Anterior compartment/extensor_digitorum_longus_EDL.qmd#insertion) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Deep Fibular n.¹ L4 - L5¹ [Deep Fibular n.](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Anterior compartment/extensor_digitorum_longus_EDL.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [L4](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Anterior compartment/extensor_digitorum_longus_EDL.qmd#nerve) - [L5](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Anterior compartment/extensor_digitorum_longus_EDL.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	2nd-5th Toe [MTP Extension](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Anterior compartment/extensor_digitorum_longus_EDL.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [PIP Extension](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Anterior compartment/extensor_digitorum_longus_EDL.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [DIP Extension](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Anterior compartment/extensor_digitorum_longus_EDL.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] STJ [INV or EV (position dependent)](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Anterior compartment/extensor_digitorum_longus_EDL.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] TCJ [DF](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Anterior compartment/extensor_digitorum_longus_EDL.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]
Extensor hallucis brevis	Calcaneus (lateral dorsal)¹ [Calcaneus (lateral dorsal)](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/extensor_hallucis_brevis.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	1st Proximal phalanx¹ [1st Proximal phalanx](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/extensor_hallucis_brevis.qmd#insertion) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Deep Fibular n.¹ L5 - S1¹ [Deep Fibular n.](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/extensor_hallucis_brevis.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [L5](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/extensor_hallucis_brevis.qmd#nerve) - [S1](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/extensor_hallucis_brevis.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	1st Toe [MTP Extension](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Ankle and Foot/Intrinsic Dorsal Foot Muscles/extensor_hallucis_brevis.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]
Extensor Hallucis Longus	Fibula (middle ⅓ of medial surface)¹ IO membrane¹ [Fibula (middle ⅓ of medial surface)](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Anterior compartment/extensor_hallucis_longus_EHL.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [IO membrane](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Anterior compartment/extensor_hallucis_longus_EHL.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Dorsal aponeurosis of 1st distal phalanx¹ [Dorsal aponeurosis of 1st distal phalanx](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Anterior compartment/extensor_hallucis_longus_EHL.qmd#insertion) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Deep Fibular n.¹ L4 - L5¹ [Deep Fibular n.](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Anterior compartment/extensor_hallucis_longus_EHL.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [L4](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Anterior compartment/extensor_hallucis_longus_EHL.qmd#nerve) - [L5](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Anterior compartment/extensor_hallucis_longus_EHL.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	1st Toe [MTP Extension](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Anterior compartment/extensor_hallucis_longus_EHL.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [IP Extension](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Anterior compartment/extensor_hallucis_longus_EHL.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] STJ [Inversion](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Anterior compartment/extensor_hallucis_longus_EHL.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] TCJ [DF](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Anterior compartment/extensor_hallucis_longus_EHL.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]
Fibularis brevis	Middle lateral surface of Fibula¹ [Middle lateral surface of Fibula](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Lateral compartment/fibularis_brevis_muscle.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Base of 5th MT¹ [Base of 5th MT](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Lateral compartment/fibularis_brevis_muscle.qmd#insertion) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Superficial Fibular n.¹ L5 - S1¹ [Superficial Fibular n.](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Lateral compartment/fibularis_brevis_muscle.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [L5](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Lateral compartment/fibularis_brevis_muscle.qmd#nerve) - [S1](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Lateral compartment/fibularis_brevis_muscle.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	STJ [Eversion](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Lateral compartment/fibularis_brevis_muscle.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] TCJ [PF](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Lateral compartment/fibularis_brevis_muscle.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]
Fibularis longus	Proximal lateral surface of Fibula¹ [Proximal lateral surface of Fibula](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Lateral compartment/fibularis_longus_muscle.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Medial cuneiform¹ Base of 1st MT¹ [Medial cuneiform](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Lateral compartment/fibularis_longus_muscle.qmd#insertion) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Base of 1st MT](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Lateral compartment/fibularis_longus_muscle.qmd#insertion) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Superficial Fibular n.¹ L5 - S1¹ [Superficial Fibular n.](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Lateral compartment/fibularis_longus_muscle.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [L5](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Lateral compartment/fibularis_longus_muscle.qmd#nerve) - [S1](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Lateral compartment/fibularis_longus_muscle.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Arch Transverse arch support [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] STJ [Eversion](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Lateral compartment/fibularis_longus_muscle.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] TCJ [PF](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Lateral compartment/fibularis_longus_muscle.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]
Fibularis tertius	Anterior border of Distal Fibula² [Anterior border of Distal Fibula](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Anterior compartment/fibularis_tertius.qmd#origin) [@olewnikFibularisTertiusAnatomical2019]	Shaft or Base of 5th MT¹ [Shaft or Base of 5th MT](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Anterior compartment/fibularis_tertius.qmd#insertion) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Deep Fibular n.¹ L4 - L5¹ [Deep Fibular n.](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Anterior compartment/fibularis_tertius.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [L4](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Anterior compartment/fibularis_tertius.qmd#nerve) - [L5](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Anterior compartment/fibularis_tertius.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	STJ [Eversion](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Anterior compartment/fibularis_tertius.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] TCJ [DF](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Anterior compartment/fibularis_tertius.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]
Flexor digitorum longus	Middle ⅓ of posterior surface of Tibia¹ [Middle ⅓ of posterior surface of Tibia](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/flexor_digitorum_longus_FDL.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Bases of 2-5 Distal Phalanges¹ [Bases of 2-5 Distal Phalanges](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/flexor_digitorum_longus_FDL.qmd#insertion) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Tibial n.¹ L5 - S2¹ [Tibial n.](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/flexor_digitorum_longus_FDL.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [L5](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/flexor_digitorum_longus_FDL.qmd#nerve) - [S2](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/flexor_digitorum_longus_FDL.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	2nd-5th Toe [MTP Flexion](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/flexor_digitorum_longus_FDL.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [PIP Flexion](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/flexor_digitorum_longus_FDL.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [DIP Flexion](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/flexor_digitorum_longus_FDL.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] STJ [Inversion](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/flexor_digitorum_longus_FDL.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] TCJ [PF](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/flexor_digitorum_longus_FDL.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]
Flexor hallucis longus	Posterior distal ⅔ of Fibula¹ IO membrane¹ [Posterior distal ⅔ of Fibula](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/flexor_hallucis_longus_FHL.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [IO membrane](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/flexor_hallucis_longus_FHL.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Base of 1st Distal Phalanx¹ [Base of 1st Distal Phalanx](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/flexor_hallucis_longus_FHL.qmd#insertion) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Tibial n.¹ L5 - S2¹ [Tibial n.](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/flexor_hallucis_longus_FHL.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [L5](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/flexor_hallucis_longus_FHL.qmd#nerve) - [S2](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/flexor_hallucis_longus_FHL.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	1st Toe [MTP Flexion](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/flexor_hallucis_longus_FHL.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [IP Flexion](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/flexor_hallucis_longus_FHL.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] STJ [Inversion](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/flexor_hallucis_longus_FHL.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] TCJ [PF](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/flexor_hallucis_longus_FHL.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]
Gluteus Maximus	Sacrum (dorsal surface, lateral part)¹ Ilium (gluteal surface, posterior part)¹ Thoracolumbar fascia¹ sacrotuberous lig.¹ [Sacrum (dorsal surface, lateral part)](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/gluteus_maximus_muscle.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Ilium (gluteal surface, posterior part)](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/gluteus_maximus_muscle.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Thoracolumbar fascia](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/gluteus_maximus_muscle.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [sacrotuberous lig.](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/gluteus_maximus_muscle.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	IT Band¹ Gluteal tuberosity¹ [IT Band](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/gluteus_maximus_muscle.qmd#insertion) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Gluteal tuberosity](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/gluteus_maximus_muscle.qmd#insertion) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Inferior gluteal n.¹ L5 - S2¹ [Inferior gluteal n.](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/gluteus_maximus_muscle.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [L5](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/gluteus_maximus_muscle.qmd#nerve) - [S2](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/gluteus_maximus_muscle.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Entire mm. [Extension](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/gluteus_maximus_muscle.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [ER](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/gluteus_maximus_muscle.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] Lower fibers [Adduction](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/gluteus_maximus_muscle.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] Upper fibers [Abduction](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/gluteus_maximus_muscle.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]
Gluteus medius	Ilium¹ [Ilium](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/gluteus_medius.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Greater trochanter (lateral surface)¹ [Greater trochanter (lateral surface)](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/gluteus_medius.qmd#insertion) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Superior gluteal n.¹ L4 - S1¹ [Superior gluteal n.](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/gluteus_medius.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [L4](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/gluteus_medius.qmd#nerve) - [S1](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/gluteus_medius.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Anterior fibers [Flexion](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/gluteus_medius.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [IR](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/gluteus_medius.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] Entire mm. [Abduction](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/gluteus_medius.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Frontal stabilization](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/gluteus_medius.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] Posterior fibers [Extension](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/gluteus_medius.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [ER](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/gluteus_medius.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]
Gluteus Minimus	Ilium gluteal surface (inferior to gluteus medius origin)¹ [Ilium gluteal surface (inferior to gluteus medius origin)](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/gluteus_minimus.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Greater trochanter (anterolateral surface)¹ [Greater trochanter (anterolateral surface)](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/gluteus_minimus.qmd#insertion) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Superior gluteal n.¹ L4 - S1¹ [Superior gluteal n.](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/gluteus_minimus.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [L4](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/gluteus_minimus.qmd#nerve) - [S1](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/gluteus_minimus.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Anterior fibers [Flexion](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/gluteus_minimus.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [IR](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/gluteus_minimus.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] Entire mm. [Abduction](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/gluteus_minimus.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Frontal stabilization](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/gluteus_minimus.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] Posterior fibers [Extension](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/gluteus_minimus.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [ER](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/gluteus_minimus.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]
Inferior Gemellus	Ischial tuberosity¹ [Ischial tuberosity](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/inferior_gemellus_muscle.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Medial surface of greater trochanter via obturator internus tendon¹ [Medial surface of greater trochanter via obturator internus tendon](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/inferior_gemellus_muscle.qmd#insertion) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Nerve to Quadratus femoris^1,3 L5 - S1¹ [Nerve to Quadratus femoris](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/inferior_gemellus_muscle.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020; @aungAnatomicalStudyObturator2001] [L5](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/inferior_gemellus_muscle.qmd#nerve) - [S1](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/inferior_gemellus_muscle.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Hip [ER](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/inferior_gemellus_muscle.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Extension](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/inferior_gemellus_muscle.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Abduction](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/inferior_gemellus_muscle.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]
Obturator Internus	Obturator membrane and its bony boundaries¹ [Obturator membrane and its bony boundaries](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/obturator_internus_muscle.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Medial surface of Greater Trochanter¹ [Medial surface of Greater Trochanter](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/obturator_internus_muscle.qmd#insertion) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Nerve to Obturator internus¹ L5 - S1¹ [Nerve to Obturator internus](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/obturator_internus_muscle.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [L5](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/obturator_internus_muscle.qmd#nerve) - [S1](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/obturator_internus_muscle.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Hip [ER](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/obturator_internus_muscle.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Extension](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/obturator_internus_muscle.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Abduction](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/obturator_internus_muscle.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Stabilization](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/obturator_internus_muscle.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]
Popliteus	Lateral Femoral Condyle¹ Posterior horn of Lateral Meniscus¹ [Lateral Femoral Condyle](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/popliteus_muscle.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Posterior horn of Lateral Meniscus](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/popliteus_muscle.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Posterior surface of Tibia¹ [Posterior surface of Tibia](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/popliteus_muscle.qmd#insertion) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Tibial n.¹ L4 - S1¹ [Tibial n.](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/popliteus_muscle.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [L4](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/popliteus_muscle.qmd#nerve) - [S1](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/popliteus_muscle.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Knee [Flexion](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/popliteus_muscle.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Unlocks the knee via femoral ER](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/popliteus_muscle.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]
Quadratus femoris	Lateral border of Ischial tuberosity¹ [Lateral border of Ischial tuberosity](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/quadratus_femoris_muscle.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Intertrochanteric crest¹ [Intertrochanteric crest](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/quadratus_femoris_muscle.qmd#insertion) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Nerve to Quadratus femoris¹ L5 - S1¹ [Nerve to Quadratus femoris](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/quadratus_femoris_muscle.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [L5](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/quadratus_femoris_muscle.qmd#nerve) - S1 [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Hip [ER](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/quadratus_femoris_muscle.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]
Semimembranosus	Ischial tuberosity¹ [Ischial tuberosity](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/semimembranosus.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Medial tibial condyle¹ Oblique popliteal lig.¹ Popliteus fascia¹ [Medial tibial condyle](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/semimembranosus.qmd#insertion) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Oblique popliteal lig.](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/semimembranosus.qmd#insertion) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Popliteus fascia](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/semimembranosus.qmd#insertion) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Tibial n.¹ L5 - S2¹ [Tibial n.](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/semimembranosus.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [L5](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/semimembranosus.qmd#nerve) - [S2](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/semimembranosus.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Hip [Extension](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/semimembranosus.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] Knee [Flexion](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/semimembranosus.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [IR](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/semimembranosus.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] Pelvis [Sagittal stabilization](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/semimembranosus.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]
Semitendinosus	Ischial tuberosity¹ Sacrotuberous lig.¹ (common head with biceps femoris long head)¹ [Ischial tuberosity](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/semitendinosus.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Sacrotuberous lig.](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/semitendinosus.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [(common head with biceps femoris long head)](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/semitendinosus.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Pes anserine¹ [Pes anserine](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/semitendinosus.qmd#insertion) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Tibial n.¹ L5 - S2¹ [Tibial n.](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/semitendinosus.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [L5](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/semitendinosus.qmd#nerve) - [S2](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/semitendinosus.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Hip [Extension](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/semitendinosus.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] Knee [Flexion](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/semitendinosus.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [IR](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/semitendinosus.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] Pelvis [Sagittal stabilization](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Thigh Muscles/Posterior Thigh Muscles/semitendinosus.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]
Superior gemellus	Ischial spine¹ [Ischial spine](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/superior_gemellus_muscle.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Medial surface of greater trochanter via obturator internus tendon¹ [Medial surface of greater trochanter via obturator internus tendon](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/superior_gemellus_muscle.qmd#insertion) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Nerve to Obturator internus¹ L5 - S1¹ [Nerve to Obturator internus](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/superior_gemellus_muscle.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [L5](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/superior_gemellus_muscle.qmd#nerve) - [S1](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/superior_gemellus_muscle.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Hip [ER](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/superior_gemellus_muscle.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Extension](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/superior_gemellus_muscle.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Abduction](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/superior_gemellus_muscle.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]
Tensor Fascia Latae	ASIS¹ [ASIS](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/tensor_fascia_latae_TFL.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	IT Band¹ [IT Band](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/tensor_fascia_latae_TFL.qmd#insertion) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Superior gluteal n.¹ L4 - S1¹ [Superior gluteal n.](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/tensor_fascia_latae_TFL.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [L4](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/tensor_fascia_latae_TFL.qmd#nerve) - [S1](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/tensor_fascia_latae_TFL.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Tenses fascia latae¹ Hip Abduction¹ Flexion¹ IR¹ [Tenses fascia latae](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/tensor_fascia_latae_TFL.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] Hip [Abduction](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/tensor_fascia_latae_TFL.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Flexion](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/tensor_fascia_latae_TFL.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [IR](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Gluteal Muscles/tensor_fascia_latae_TFL.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]
Tibialis Anterior	Tibia (Upper ⅔ of lateral surface)¹ IO membrane¹ Superficial crural fascia¹ [Tibia (Upper ⅔ of lateral surface)](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Anterior compartment/tibialis_anterior.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [IO membrane](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Anterior compartment/tibialis_anterior.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Superficial crural fascia](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Anterior compartment/tibialis_anterior.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Medial cuneiform (Medial & plantar surface)¹ 1st Metatarsal (medial base)¹ [Medial cuneiform (Medial & plantar surface)](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Anterior compartment/tibialis_anterior.qmd#insertion) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [1st Metatarsal (medial base)](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Anterior compartment/tibialis_anterior.qmd#insertion) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Deep Fibular n.¹ L4 - L5¹ [Deep Fibular n.](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Anterior compartment/tibialis_anterior.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [L4](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Anterior compartment/tibialis_anterior.qmd#nerve) - [L5](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Anterior compartment/tibialis_anterior.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	STJ [Inversion](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Anterior compartment/tibialis_anterior.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] TCJ [DF](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Anterior compartment/tibialis_anterior.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]
Tibialis posterior	IO membrane¹ Adjacent Tibia¹ Adjacent Fibula¹ [IO membrane](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/tibialis_posterior.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Adjacent Tibia](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/tibialis_posterior.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Adjacent Fibula](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/tibialis_posterior.qmd#origin) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Cuneiforms¹ 2-4 MT bases¹ [Cuneiforms](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/tibialis_posterior.qmd#insertion) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [2-4 MT bases](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/tibialis_posterior.qmd#insertion) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Tibial n.¹ L4 - L5¹ [Tibial n.](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/tibialis_posterior.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [L4](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/tibialis_posterior.qmd#nerve) - [L5](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/tibialis_posterior.qmd#nerve) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]	Arch support [Transverse arch](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/tibialis_posterior.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] [Longitudinal arch](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/tibialis_posterior.qmd#action) NA Knee [negligble Flexion](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/tibialis_posterior.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020] TCJ [PF](/The Archive/Anatomy/Skeletal Muscles/Lower limb muscles/Knee and Lower Leg/Posterior compartment/tibialis_posterior.qmd#action) [@gilroyAtlasAnatomy2020]